/*====================================================================* - Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica. All rights reserved. - - Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions - are met: - 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above - copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following - disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials - provided with the distribution. - - THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS - ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT - LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR - A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY - CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, - EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, - PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR - PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY - OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING - NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS - SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. *====================================================================*/ /*! * \file projective.c *
 *
 *      Projective (4 pt) image transformation using a sampled
 *      (to nearest integer) transform on each dest point
 *           PIX      *pixProjectiveSampledPta()
 *           PIX      *pixProjectiveSampled()
 *
 *      Projective (4 pt) image transformation using interpolation
 *      (or area mapping) for anti-aliasing images that are
 *      2, 4, or 8 bpp gray, or colormapped, or 32 bpp RGB
 *           PIX      *pixProjectivePta()
 *           PIX      *pixProjective()
 *           PIX      *pixProjectivePtaColor()
 *           PIX      *pixProjectiveColor()
 *           PIX      *pixProjectivePtaGray()
 *           PIX      *pixProjectiveGray()
 *
 *      Projective transform including alpha (blend) component
 *           PIX      *pixProjectivePtaWithAlpha()
 *
 *      Projective coordinate transformation
 *           l_int32   getProjectiveXformCoeffs()
 *           l_int32   projectiveXformSampledPt()
 *           l_int32   projectiveXformPt()
 *
 *      A projective transform can be specified as a specific functional
 *      mapping between 4 points in the source and 4 points in the dest.
 *      It preserves straight lines, but is less stable than a bilinear
 *      transform, because it contains a division by a quantity that
 *      can get arbitrarily small.)
 *
 *      We give both a projective coordinate transformation and
 *      two projective image transformations.
 *
 *      For the former, we ask for the coordinate value (x',y')
 *      in the transformed space for any point (x,y) in the original
 *      space.  The coefficients of the transformation are found by
 *      solving 8 simultaneous equations for the 8 coordinates of
 *      the 4 points in src and dest.  The transformation can then
 *      be used to compute the associated image transform, by
 *      computing, for each dest pixel, the relevant pixel(s) in
 *      the source.  This can be done either by taking the closest
 *      src pixel to each transformed dest pixel ("sampling") or
 *      by doing an interpolation and averaging over 4 source
 *      pixels with appropriate weightings ("interpolated").
 *
 *      A typical application would be to remove keystoning
 *      due to a projective transform in the imaging system.
 *
 *      The projective transform is given by specifying two equations:
 *
 *          x' = (ax + by + c) / (gx + hy + 1)
 *          y' = (dx + ey + f) / (gx + hy + 1)
 *
 *      where the eight coefficients have been computed from four
 *      sets of these equations, each for two corresponding data pts.
 *      In practice, once the coefficients are known, we use the
 *      equations "backwards": for each point (x,y) in the dest image,
 *      these two equations are used to compute the corresponding point
 *      (x',y') in the src.  That computed point in the src is then used
 *      to determine the corresponding dest pixel value in one of two ways:
 *
 *       ~ sampling: simply take the value of the src pixel in which this
 *                   point falls
 *       ~ interpolation: take appropriate linear combinations of the
 *                        four src pixels that this dest pixel would
 *                        overlap, with the coefficients proportional
 *                        to the amount of overlap
 *
 *      For small warp where there is little scale change, (e.g.,
 *      for rotation) area mapping is nearly equivalent to interpolation.
 *
 *      Typical relative timing of pointwise transforms (sampled = 1.0):
 *      8 bpp:   sampled        1.0
 *               interpolated   1.5
 *      32 bpp:  sampled        1.0
 *               interpolated   1.6
 *      Additionally, the computation time/pixel is nearly the same
 *      for 8 bpp and 32 bpp, for both sampled and interpolated.
 * 
*/ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */ #include #include #include "allheaders.h" extern l_float32 AlphaMaskBorderVals[2]; /*------------------------------------------------------------n * Sampled projective image transformation * *-------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*! * \brief pixProjectiveSampledPta() * * \param[in] pixs all depths * \param[in] ptad 4 pts of final coordinate space * \param[in] ptas 4 pts of initial coordinate space * \param[in] incolor L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK * \return pixd, or NULL on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) Brings in either black or white pixels from the boundary.
 *      (2) Retains colormap, which you can do for a sampled transform..
 *      (3) No 3 of the 4 points may be collinear.
 *      (4) For 8 and 32 bpp pix, better quality is obtained by the
 *          somewhat slower pixProjectivePta().  See that
 *          function for relative timings between sampled and interpolated.
 * 
*/ PIX * pixProjectiveSampledPta(PIX *pixs, PTA *ptad, PTA *ptas, l_int32 incolor) { l_float32 *vc; PIX *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectiveSampledPta"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptas) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptad) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad not defined", procName, NULL); if (incolor != L_BRING_IN_WHITE && incolor != L_BRING_IN_BLACK) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid incolor", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptas) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas count not 4", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptad) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad count not 4", procName, NULL); /* Get backwards transform from dest to src, and apply it */ getProjectiveXformCoeffs(ptad, ptas, &vc); pixd = pixProjectiveSampled(pixs, vc, incolor); LEPT_FREE(vc); return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjectiveSampled() * * \param[in] pixs all depths * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients for projective transform * \param[in] incolor L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK * \return pixd, or NULL on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) Brings in either black or white pixels from the boundary.
 *      (2) Retains colormap, which you can do for a sampled transform..
 *      (3) For 8 or 32 bpp, much better quality is obtained by the
 *          somewhat slower pixProjective().  See that function
 *          for relative timings between sampled and interpolated.
 * 
*/ PIX * pixProjectiveSampled(PIX *pixs, l_float32 *vc, l_int32 incolor) { l_int32 i, j, w, h, d, x, y, wpls, wpld, color, cmapindex; l_uint32 val; l_uint32 *datas, *datad, *lines, *lined; PIX *pixd; PIXCMAP *cmap; PROCNAME("pixProjectiveSampled"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!vc) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("vc not defined", procName, NULL); if (incolor != L_BRING_IN_WHITE && incolor != L_BRING_IN_BLACK) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid incolor", procName, NULL); pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d); if (d != 1 && d != 2 && d != 4 && d != 8 && d != 32) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("depth not 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16", procName, NULL); /* Init all dest pixels to color to be brought in from outside */ pixd = pixCreateTemplate(pixs); if ((cmap = pixGetColormap(pixs)) != NULL) { if (incolor == L_BRING_IN_WHITE) color = 1; else color = 0; pixcmapAddBlackOrWhite(cmap, color, &cmapindex); pixSetAllArbitrary(pixd, cmapindex); } else { if ((d == 1 && incolor == L_BRING_IN_WHITE) || (d > 1 && incolor == L_BRING_IN_BLACK)) { pixClearAll(pixd); } else { pixSetAll(pixd); } } /* Scan over the dest pixels */ datas = pixGetData(pixs); wpls = pixGetWpl(pixs); datad = pixGetData(pixd); wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd); for (i = 0; i < h; i++) { lined = datad + i * wpld; for (j = 0; j < w; j++) { projectiveXformSampledPt(vc, j, i, &x, &y); if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >=w || y >= h) continue; lines = datas + y * wpls; if (d == 1) { val = GET_DATA_BIT(lines, x); SET_DATA_BIT_VAL(lined, j, val); } else if (d == 8) { val = GET_DATA_BYTE(lines, x); SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, val); } else if (d == 32) { lined[j] = lines[x]; } else if (d == 2) { val = GET_DATA_DIBIT(lines, x); SET_DATA_DIBIT(lined, j, val); } else if (d == 4) { val = GET_DATA_QBIT(lines, x); SET_DATA_QBIT(lined, j, val); } } } return pixd; } /*---------------------------------------------------------------------* * Interpolated projective image transformation * *---------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*! * \brief pixProjectivePta() * * \param[in] pixs all depths; colormap ok * \param[in] ptad 4 pts of final coordinate space * \param[in] ptas 4 pts of initial coordinate space * \param[in] incolor L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK * \return pixd, or NULL on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) Brings in either black or white pixels from the boundary
 *      (2) Removes any existing colormap, if necessary, before transforming
 * 
*/ PIX * pixProjectivePta(PIX *pixs, PTA *ptad, PTA *ptas, l_int32 incolor) { l_int32 d; l_uint32 colorval; PIX *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectivePta"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptas) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptad) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad not defined", procName, NULL); if (incolor != L_BRING_IN_WHITE && incolor != L_BRING_IN_BLACK) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid incolor", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptas) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas count not 4", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptad) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad count not 4", procName, NULL); if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1) return pixProjectiveSampledPta(pixs, ptad, ptas, incolor); /* Remove cmap if it exists, and unpack to 8 bpp if necessary */ pixt1 = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC); d = pixGetDepth(pixt1); if (d < 8) pixt2 = pixConvertTo8(pixt1, FALSE); else pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1); d = pixGetDepth(pixt2); /* Compute actual color to bring in from edges */ colorval = 0; if (incolor == L_BRING_IN_WHITE) { if (d == 8) colorval = 255; else /* d == 32 */ colorval = 0xffffff00; } if (d == 8) pixd = pixProjectivePtaGray(pixt2, ptad, ptas, colorval); else /* d == 32 */ pixd = pixProjectivePtaColor(pixt2, ptad, ptas, colorval); pixDestroy(&pixt1); pixDestroy(&pixt2); return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjective() * * \param[in] pixs all depths; colormap ok * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients for projective transform * \param[in] incolor L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK * \return pixd, or NULL on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) Brings in either black or white pixels from the boundary
 *      (2) Removes any existing colormap, if necessary, before transforming
 * 
*/ PIX * pixProjective(PIX *pixs, l_float32 *vc, l_int32 incolor) { l_int32 d; l_uint32 colorval; PIX *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjective"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!vc) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("vc not defined", procName, NULL); if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 1) return pixProjectiveSampled(pixs, vc, incolor); /* Remove cmap if it exists, and unpack to 8 bpp if necessary */ pixt1 = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_BASED_ON_SRC); d = pixGetDepth(pixt1); if (d < 8) pixt2 = pixConvertTo8(pixt1, FALSE); else pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1); d = pixGetDepth(pixt2); /* Compute actual color to bring in from edges */ colorval = 0; if (incolor == L_BRING_IN_WHITE) { if (d == 8) colorval = 255; else /* d == 32 */ colorval = 0xffffff00; } if (d == 8) pixd = pixProjectiveGray(pixt2, vc, colorval); else /* d == 32 */ pixd = pixProjectiveColor(pixt2, vc, colorval); pixDestroy(&pixt1); pixDestroy(&pixt2); return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjectivePtaColor() * * \param[in] pixs 32 bpp * \param[in] ptad 4 pts of final coordinate space * \param[in] ptas 4 pts of initial coordinate space * \param[in] colorval e.g., 0 to bring in BLACK, 0xffffff00 for WHITE * \return pixd, or NULL on error */ PIX * pixProjectivePtaColor(PIX *pixs, PTA *ptad, PTA *ptas, l_uint32 colorval) { l_float32 *vc; PIX *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectivePtaColor"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptas) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptad) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad not defined", procName, NULL); if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 32) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs must be 32 bpp", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptas) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas count not 4", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptad) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad count not 4", procName, NULL); /* Get backwards transform from dest to src, and apply it */ getProjectiveXformCoeffs(ptad, ptas, &vc); pixd = pixProjectiveColor(pixs, vc, colorval); LEPT_FREE(vc); return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjectiveColor() * * \param[in] pixs 32 bpp * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients for projective transform * \param[in] colorval e.g., 0 to bring in BLACK, 0xffffff00 for WHITE * \return pixd, or NULL on error */ PIX * pixProjectiveColor(PIX *pixs, l_float32 *vc, l_uint32 colorval) { l_int32 i, j, w, h, d, wpls, wpld; l_uint32 val; l_uint32 *datas, *datad, *lined; l_float32 x, y; PIX *pix1, *pix2, *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectiveColor"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d); if (d != 32) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs must be 32 bpp", procName, NULL); if (!vc) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("vc not defined", procName, NULL); datas = pixGetData(pixs); wpls = pixGetWpl(pixs); pixd = pixCreateTemplate(pixs); pixSetAllArbitrary(pixd, colorval); datad = pixGetData(pixd); wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd); /* Iterate over destination pixels */ for (i = 0; i < h; i++) { lined = datad + i * wpld; for (j = 0; j < w; j++) { /* Compute float src pixel location corresponding to (i,j) */ projectiveXformPt(vc, j, i, &x, &y); linearInterpolatePixelColor(datas, wpls, w, h, x, y, colorval, &val); *(lined + j) = val; } } /* If rgba, transform the pixs alpha channel and insert in pixd */ if (pixGetSpp(pixs) == 4) { pix1 = pixGetRGBComponent(pixs, L_ALPHA_CHANNEL); pix2 = pixProjectiveGray(pix1, vc, 255); /* bring in opaque */ pixSetRGBComponent(pixd, pix2, L_ALPHA_CHANNEL); pixDestroy(&pix1); pixDestroy(&pix2); } return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjectivePtaGray() * * \param[in] pixs 8 bpp * \param[in] ptad 4 pts of final coordinate space * \param[in] ptas 4 pts of initial coordinate space * \param[in] grayval 0 to bring in BLACK, 255 for WHITE * \return pixd, or NULL on error */ PIX * pixProjectivePtaGray(PIX *pixs, PTA *ptad, PTA *ptas, l_uint8 grayval) { l_float32 *vc; PIX *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectivePtaGray"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptas) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptad) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad not defined", procName, NULL); if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs must be 8 bpp", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptas) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas count not 4", procName, NULL); if (ptaGetCount(ptad) != 4) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad count not 4", procName, NULL); /* Get backwards transform from dest to src, and apply it */ getProjectiveXformCoeffs(ptad, ptas, &vc); pixd = pixProjectiveGray(pixs, vc, grayval); LEPT_FREE(vc); return pixd; } /*! * \brief pixProjectiveGray() * * \param[in] pixs 8 bpp * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients for projective transform * \param[in] grayval 0 to bring in BLACK, 255 for WHITE * \return pixd, or NULL on error */ PIX * pixProjectiveGray(PIX *pixs, l_float32 *vc, l_uint8 grayval) { l_int32 i, j, w, h, wpls, wpld, val; l_uint32 *datas, *datad, *lined; l_float32 x, y; PIX *pixd; PROCNAME("pixProjectiveGray"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL); if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs must be 8 bpp", procName, NULL); if (!vc) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("vc not defined", procName, NULL); datas = pixGetData(pixs); wpls = pixGetWpl(pixs); pixd = pixCreateTemplate(pixs); pixSetAllArbitrary(pixd, grayval); datad = pixGetData(pixd); wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd); /* Iterate over destination pixels */ for (i = 0; i < h; i++) { lined = datad + i * wpld; for (j = 0; j < w; j++) { /* Compute float src pixel location corresponding to (i,j) */ projectiveXformPt(vc, j, i, &x, &y); linearInterpolatePixelGray(datas, wpls, w, h, x, y, grayval, &val); SET_DATA_BYTE(lined, j, val); } } return pixd; } /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------* * Projective transform including alpha (blend) component * *---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*! * \brief pixProjectivePtaWithAlpha() * * \param[in] pixs 32 bpp rgb * \param[in] ptad 4 pts of final coordinate space * \param[in] ptas 4 pts of initial coordinate space * \param[in] pixg [optional] 8 bpp, for alpha channel, can be null * \param[in] fract between 0.0 and 1.0, with 0.0 fully transparent * and 1.0 fully opaque * \param[in] border of pixels added to capture transformed source pixels * \return pixd, or NULL on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) The alpha channel is transformed separately from pixs,
 *          and aligns with it, being fully transparent outside the
 *          boundary of the transformed pixs.  For pixels that are fully
 *          transparent, a blending function like pixBlendWithGrayMask()
 *          will give zero weight to corresponding pixels in pixs.
 *      (2) If pixg is NULL, it is generated as an alpha layer that is
 *          partially opaque, using %fract.  Otherwise, it is cropped
 *          to pixs if required and %fract is ignored.  The alpha channel
 *          in pixs is never used.
 *      (3) Colormaps are removed.
 *      (4) When pixs is transformed, it doesn't matter what color is brought
 *          in because the alpha channel will be transparent (0) there.
 *      (5) To avoid losing source pixels in the destination, it may be
 *          necessary to add a border to the source pix before doing
 *          the projective transformation.  This can be any non-negative
 *          number.
 *      (6) The input %ptad and %ptas are in a coordinate space before
 *          the border is added.  Internally, we compensate for this
 *          before doing the projective transform on the image after
 *          the border is added.
 *      (7) The default setting for the border values in the alpha channel
 *          is 0 (transparent) for the outermost ring of pixels and
 *          (0.5 * fract * 255) for the second ring.  When blended over
 *          a second image, this
 *          (a) shrinks the visible image to make a clean overlap edge
 *              with an image below, and
 *          (b) softens the edges by weakening the aliasing there.
 *          Use l_setAlphaMaskBorder() to change these values.
 * 
*/ PIX * pixProjectivePtaWithAlpha(PIX *pixs, PTA *ptad, PTA *ptas, PIX *pixg, l_float32 fract, l_int32 border) { l_int32 ws, hs, d; PIX *pixd, *pixb1, *pixb2, *pixg2, *pixga; PTA *ptad2, *ptas2; PROCNAME("pixProjectivePtaWithAlpha"); if (!pixs) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL); pixGetDimensions(pixs, &ws, &hs, &d); if (d != 32 && pixGetColormap(pixs) == NULL) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not cmapped or 32 bpp", procName, NULL); if (pixg && pixGetDepth(pixg) != 8) { L_WARNING("pixg not 8 bpp; using 'fract' transparent alpha\n", procName); pixg = NULL; } if (!pixg && (fract < 0.0 || fract > 1.0)) { L_WARNING("invalid fract; using 1.0 (fully transparent)\n", procName); fract = 1.0; } if (!pixg && fract == 0.0) L_WARNING("fully opaque alpha; image will not be blended\n", procName); if (!ptad) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptad not defined", procName, NULL); if (!ptas) return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("ptas not defined", procName, NULL); /* Add border; the color doesn't matter */ pixb1 = pixAddBorder(pixs, border, 0); /* Transform the ptr arrays to work on the bordered image */ ptad2 = ptaTransform(ptad, border, border, 1.0, 1.0); ptas2 = ptaTransform(ptas, border, border, 1.0, 1.0); /* Do separate projective transform of rgb channels of pixs * and of pixg */ pixd = pixProjectivePtaColor(pixb1, ptad2, ptas2, 0); if (!pixg) { pixg2 = pixCreate(ws, hs, 8); if (fract == 1.0) pixSetAll(pixg2); else pixSetAllArbitrary(pixg2, (l_int32)(255.0 * fract)); } else { pixg2 = pixResizeToMatch(pixg, NULL, ws, hs); } if (ws > 10 && hs > 10) { /* see note 7 */ pixSetBorderRingVal(pixg2, 1, (l_int32)(255.0 * fract * AlphaMaskBorderVals[0])); pixSetBorderRingVal(pixg2, 2, (l_int32)(255.0 * fract * AlphaMaskBorderVals[1])); } pixb2 = pixAddBorder(pixg2, border, 0); /* must be black border */ pixga = pixProjectivePtaGray(pixb2, ptad2, ptas2, 0); pixSetRGBComponent(pixd, pixga, L_ALPHA_CHANNEL); pixSetSpp(pixd, 4); pixDestroy(&pixg2); pixDestroy(&pixb1); pixDestroy(&pixb2); pixDestroy(&pixga); ptaDestroy(&ptad2); ptaDestroy(&ptas2); return pixd; } /*-------------------------------------------------------------* * Projective coordinate transformation * *-------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*! * \brief getProjectiveXformCoeffs() * * \param[in] ptas source 4 points; unprimed * \param[in] ptad transformed 4 points; primed * \param[out] pvc vector of coefficients of transform * \return 0 if OK; 1 on error * * We have a set of 8 equations, describing the projective * transformation that takes 4 points ptas into 4 other * points ptad. These equations are: * * x1' = c[0]*x1 + c[1]*y1 + c[2]) / (c[6]*x1 + c[7]*y1 + 1 * y1' = c[3]*x1 + c[4]*y1 + c[5]) / (c[6]*x1 + c[7]*y1 + 1 * x2' = c[0]*x2 + c[1]*y2 + c[2]) / (c[6]*x2 + c[7]*y2 + 1 * y2' = c[3]*x2 + c[4]*y2 + c[5]) / (c[6]*x2 + c[7]*y2 + 1 * x3' = c[0]*x3 + c[1]*y3 + c[2]) / (c[6]*x3 + c[7]*y3 + 1 * y3' = c[3]*x3 + c[4]*y3 + c[5]) / (c[6]*x3 + c[7]*y3 + 1 * x4' = c[0]*x4 + c[1]*y4 + c[2]) / (c[6]*x4 + c[7]*y4 + 1 * y4' = c[3]*x4 + c[4]*y4 + c[5]) / (c[6]*x4 + c[7]*y4 + 1 * * Multiplying both sides of each eqn by the denominator, we get * * AC = B * * where B and C are column vectors * * B = [ x1' y1' x2' y2' x3' y3' x4' y4' ] * C = [ c[0] c[1] c[2] c[3] c[4] c[5] c[6] c[7] ] * * and A is the 8x8 matrix * * x1 y1 1 0 0 0 -x1*x1' -y1*x1' * 0 0 0 x1 y1 1 -x1*y1' -y1*y1' * x2 y2 1 0 0 0 -x2*x2' -y2*x2' * 0 0 0 x2 y2 1 -x2*y2' -y2*y2' * x3 y3 1 0 0 0 -x3*x3' -y3*x3' * 0 0 0 x3 y3 1 -x3*y3' -y3*y3' * x4 y4 1 0 0 0 -x4*x4' -y4*x4' * 0 0 0 x4 y4 1 -x4*y4' -y4*y4' * * These eight equations are solved here for the coefficients C. * * These eight coefficients can then be used to find the mapping * x,y) --> (x',y': * * x' = c[0]x + c[1]y + c[2]) / (c[6]x + c[7]y + 1 * y' = c[3]x + c[4]y + c[5]) / (c[6]x + c[7]y + 1 * * that is implemented in projectiveXformSampled and * projectiveXFormInterpolated. */ l_ok getProjectiveXformCoeffs(PTA *ptas, PTA *ptad, l_float32 **pvc) { l_int32 i; l_float32 x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4; l_float32 *b; /* rhs vector of primed coords X'; coeffs returned in *pvc */ l_float32 *a[8]; /* 8x8 matrix A */ PROCNAME("getProjectiveXformCoeffs"); if (!ptas) return ERROR_INT("ptas not defined", procName, 1); if (!ptad) return ERROR_INT("ptad not defined", procName, 1); if (!pvc) return ERROR_INT("&vc not defined", procName, 1); b = (l_float32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(8, sizeof(l_float32)); *pvc = b; ptaGetPt(ptas, 0, &x1, &y1); ptaGetPt(ptas, 1, &x2, &y2); ptaGetPt(ptas, 2, &x3, &y3); ptaGetPt(ptas, 3, &x4, &y4); ptaGetPt(ptad, 0, &b[0], &b[1]); ptaGetPt(ptad, 1, &b[2], &b[3]); ptaGetPt(ptad, 2, &b[4], &b[5]); ptaGetPt(ptad, 3, &b[6], &b[7]); for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) a[i] = (l_float32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(8, sizeof(l_float32)); a[0][0] = x1; a[0][1] = y1; a[0][2] = 1.; a[0][6] = -x1 * b[0]; a[0][7] = -y1 * b[0]; a[1][3] = x1; a[1][4] = y1; a[1][5] = 1; a[1][6] = -x1 * b[1]; a[1][7] = -y1 * b[1]; a[2][0] = x2; a[2][1] = y2; a[2][2] = 1.; a[2][6] = -x2 * b[2]; a[2][7] = -y2 * b[2]; a[3][3] = x2; a[3][4] = y2; a[3][5] = 1; a[3][6] = -x2 * b[3]; a[3][7] = -y2 * b[3]; a[4][0] = x3; a[4][1] = y3; a[4][2] = 1.; a[4][6] = -x3 * b[4]; a[4][7] = -y3 * b[4]; a[5][3] = x3; a[5][4] = y3; a[5][5] = 1; a[5][6] = -x3 * b[5]; a[5][7] = -y3 * b[5]; a[6][0] = x4; a[6][1] = y4; a[6][2] = 1.; a[6][6] = -x4 * b[6]; a[6][7] = -y4 * b[6]; a[7][3] = x4; a[7][4] = y4; a[7][5] = 1; a[7][6] = -x4 * b[7]; a[7][7] = -y4 * b[7]; gaussjordan(a, b, 8); for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) LEPT_FREE(a[i]); return 0; } /*! * \brief projectiveXformSampledPt() * * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients * \param[in] x, y initial point * \param[out] pxp, pyp transformed point * \return 0 if OK; 1 on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This finds the nearest pixel coordinates of the transformed point.
 *      (2) It does not check ptrs for returned data!
 * 
*/ l_ok projectiveXformSampledPt(l_float32 *vc, l_int32 x, l_int32 y, l_int32 *pxp, l_int32 *pyp) { l_float32 factor; l_float64 denom; PROCNAME("projectiveXformSampledPt"); if (!vc) return ERROR_INT("vc not defined", procName, 1); if ((denom = vc[6] * x + vc[7] * y + 1.0) == 0.0) return ERROR_INT("denom = 0.0", procName, 1); factor = 1.0 / denom; *pxp = (l_int32)(factor * (vc[0] * x + vc[1] * y + vc[2]) + 0.5); *pyp = (l_int32)(factor * (vc[3] * x + vc[4] * y + vc[5]) + 0.5); return 0; } /*! * \brief projectiveXformPt() * * \param[in] vc vector of 8 coefficients * \param[in] x, y initial point * \param[out] pxp, pyp transformed point * \return 0 if OK; 1 on error * *
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This computes the floating point location of the transformed point.
 *      (2) It does not check ptrs for returned data!
 * 
*/ l_ok projectiveXformPt(l_float32 *vc, l_int32 x, l_int32 y, l_float32 *pxp, l_float32 *pyp) { l_float32 factor; l_float64 denom; PROCNAME("projectiveXformPt"); if (!vc) return ERROR_INT("vc not defined", procName, 1); if ((denom = vc[6] * x + vc[7] * y + 1.0) == 0.0) return ERROR_INT("denom = 0.0", procName, 1); factor = 1.0 / denom; *pxp = factor * (vc[0] * x + vc[1] * y + vc[2]); *pyp = factor * (vc[3] * x + vc[4] * y + vc[5]); return 0; }