msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2010-10-21 23:56+0600\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(guide:link):5 msgid "/doc/en/man-guide.xml" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(guide:lang):5 msgid "en" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):6 msgid "Gentoo Man Guide" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(author:title):8 msgid "Author" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(mail:link):9 msgid "chriswhite@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(mail):9 msgid "Chris White" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(abstract):12 msgid "This guide shows how to navigate man pages using man." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(version):20 msgid "2" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(date):21 msgid "2006-06-18" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):24 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):26 msgid "The man program" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):29 msgid "Everyone at some point in their linux life has used it. \"It\" is the man command. However, while the man program itself appears to be rather simplistic in its construct, it has a few extra abilities than just simply scrolling through the page. This document hopes to help shed some light on these capabilities." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):40 msgid "Man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):43 msgid "Man pages are mainly stored in the /usr/share/man directory. However, as long as a man page is located in the MANPATH environment variable, man will be able to pick it up. Gentoo will generally store MANPATH variables in /etc/env.d. Within these directories are some folders with the structure manX where X is the section number. For example, a standard man layout might look like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):52 msgid "Standard man structure" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):52 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ ls /usr/share/man | grep man\nman0p\nman1\nman1p\nman2\nman3\nman3p\nman4\nman5\nman6\nman7\nman8\nman9\nmann\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):69 msgid "The actual section numbering appears fairly standard. However, notice that there is a mann and some man#p folders. The following table lists the above man page directories and what is contained within them:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(th):77 msgid "Man Directory" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(th):78 msgid "Description" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):81 msgid "man0p" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):82 msgid "The p here stands for POSIX, as with the other directories with p in their names. Man pages in this directory describe the functionality of various POSIX header files." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):89 msgid "man1" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):90 msgid "This section is for standard commands. Most programs will put their man pages here, so this section tends to be the largest." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):96 msgid "man1p" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):97 msgid "This section describes the POSIX versions of the commands described in 1p. Since it only describes basic commands, it is much smaller than man1." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):103 msgid "man2" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):104 msgid "This section describes Linux kernel system calls." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):107 msgid "man3" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):108 msgid "This section describes standard c library functions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):111 msgid "man4" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):112 msgid "This section describes special devices. These devices are generally kernel oriented, but Xorg-X11 has entries in here as well." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):118 msgid "man5" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):119 msgid "This section describes both the makeup of certain files and what files a program uses. Those of you reading this document may be familiar with references to man 5 portage for a description of the portage file structure, and man 5 make.conf for make.conf makeup." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):128 msgid "man6" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):129 msgid "This section introduces games and other special toys." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):132 msgid "man7" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):133 msgid "This section describes standards and other miscellaneous items. These standards can include things such as charsets, SQL statements, ISO standards and regular expressions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):140 msgid "man8" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):141 msgid "This section describes administrative commands (those usually run by the root user)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):147 msgid "man9" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):148 msgid "This section is somewhat sparse, but is meant to contain documentation for various parts of the kernel." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):154 msgid "mann" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):155 msgid "This section is mainly used by Tcl/Tk. The n stands for new." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):161 msgid "While this is not an extensive and detailed list, it does cover the man pages that most people will be interested in. However, sometimes you can find out what a section does as easily as looking at this table. The next chapter will look at using man to traverse this layout." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):173 msgid "Working with the man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):175 msgid "Browsing the man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):178 msgid "Now that we understand the man layout, we can begin to look it over for commands. Sometimes we may need to narrow down what man page we want. The first way would be addressing by section. To found out a description of a section, once can use man section intro like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):185 msgid "Using man intro to describe a section" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):185 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man 3 intro\n(Output slightly modified to fit the document properly)\nINTRO(3) Linux Programmer's Manual INTRO(3)\n\n\n\nNAME\n intro - Introduction to library functions\n\nDESCRIPTION\n This chapter describes all library functions excluding the library\n functions described in chapter 2, which implement system calls.\n There are various function groups which can be identified by a\n letter which is appended to the chapter number:\n....\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):203 msgid "Unfortunately, this doesn't always work! However, luckily for us there is another way to search for commands that may return multiple results (such as a library call and system command having the same name). To do so, we use the -K parameter to man like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):210 msgid "Using man -K to search by string" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):210 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man -K sleep\n/usr/share/man/man0p/time.h.0p.gz? [ynq] n\n/usr/share/man/man0p/unistd.h.0p.gz? [ynq] n\n/usr/share/man/man2/alarm.2.gz? [ynq] n\n/usr/share/man/man2/pause.2.gz? [ynq] n\n/usr/share/man/man2/futex.2.gz? [ynq] n\n/usr/share/man/man2/nanosleep.2.gz? [ynq] y\n/usr/share/man/man2/semop.2.gz? [ynq] q\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):221 msgid "Sometimes the output may be a lot larger. In this case it might be better to specify more specific keywords. Now that we know where to find the man page, the next section will look at viewing the man page." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):230 msgid "Viewing man pages" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):233 msgid "Viewing man pages can be done in 2 ways, first is with man [man page name]. The second way is man [section] [man page name]. Let's take bc for example. I can view either the first man page that comes up on bc (which would be section 1, because it is the lowest section containing a man page on bc):" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):241 msgid "Viewing the default man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):241 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man bc\nbc(1) bc(1)\n\n\nNAME\n bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language\n...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):251 msgid "However, what if I want the POSIX version? Then I can use the second form:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):255 msgid "Viewing a specific man page by section" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):255 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man 1p bc\nBC(P) POSIX Programmer's Manual BC(P)\n\n\nNAME\n bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language\n...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):265 msgid "And the man page is displayed. Now that we have the man page up, it's time to work with it. The next section will look at navigation and searching." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):273 msgid "Navigating and searching man pages" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):276 msgid "Navigating a man page is fairly simple. To move up and down line by line, use the up and down arrow keys. To move up page by page, you can use the page up and page down keys. Do however note that these navigation instructions assume the environmental PAGER variable is set to use the default pager, less. Less also has a few other commands for navigation, but the arrow keys usually suffice:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):285 msgid "Additional less navigation keys" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):285 #, no-wrap msgid "\n e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).\n y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).\n f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).\n b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).\n z * Forward one window (and set window to N).\n w * Backward one window (and set window to N).\n ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.\n d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).\n u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).\n ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).\n ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).\n F Forward forever; like \"tail -f\".\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):300 msgid "Searching, however, is more interesting. The two most basic searches are /pattern and ?pattern. The first version searches forwards, and the second searches backwards. pattern is a regular expression pattern that is described in man 7 regex. Let's take for example searching for the -D option to emerge. First, bring up the emerge man page:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):308 msgid "Bringing up the emerge man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):308 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man emerge\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):312 msgid "Then, at the screen, press the / key to bring up the entry prompt to search forwards and enter in our search pattern:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):317 msgid "Bringing up the forward search prompt" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):317 #, no-wrap msgid "\n gracefully handles updating installed packages to newer releases as well.\n It handles both source and binary packages, and it can be used to create\n binary packages for distribution.\n\nEBUILDS, TBZ2S, CLASSES AND DEPENDENCIES\n/\\-D\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(note):326 msgid "The \\ is done to escape the - sign, which would normally be used as part of a regular expression." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):331 msgid "This will search the man page, and bring the searched item into focus:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):335 msgid "Forward search results" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):335 #, no-wrap msgid "\n --deep (-D)\n When used in conjunction with --update, this flag forces emerge to consider the entire\n dependency tree of packages, instead of checking only the immediate dependencies of\n the packages. As an example, this catches updates in libraries that are not directly\n listed in the dependencies of a package.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):343 msgid "If you hit a search result by accident and want to continue searching for the same results, simply press the / key again, and press enter (i.e. don't put a pattern it). This will cause the search to default to the last pattern used. Now with some man pages, options are listed, then explained later on. Take the man 5 portage man page. It lists the files used, then explains their usage. Searching forward a few times would return the results, but there's an easier way to handle this, with the second search form, backwards searching. Let's use this to find the description on package.unmask. First, bring up man 5 portage:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):355 msgid "Bringing up the man 5 portage man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):355 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ man 5 portage\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):359 msgid "Now press SHIFT+g. This will bring you to the end of the page:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):363 msgid "End of the man page after SHIFT+g" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):363 #, no-wrap msgid "\nSEE ALSO\n emerge(1), ebuild(1), ebuild(5), make.conf(5)\n\nPortage 2.0.51 Jan 2004 PORTAGE(5)\nlines 418-442/442 (END)\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):371 msgid "Now we'll go ahead and enter the pattern to search for with the ?pattern backwards search option. First press the ? key to bring up the prompt, and then enter in package.unmask, our query:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):377 msgid "Specifying our search" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):377 #, no-wrap msgid "\nSEE ALSO\n emerge(1), ebuild(1), ebuild(5), make.conf(5)\n\nPortage 2.0.51 Jan 2004 PORTAGE(5)\n?package.unmask\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):385 msgid "Then hit enter to bring up the result:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):389 msgid "Our search result" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):389 #, no-wrap msgid "\n package.unmask\n Just like package.mask above, except here you list packages you want to unmask.\n Useful for overriding the global package.mask file (see below). Note that\n this does not override packages that are masked via KEYWORDS.\n...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):397 msgid "And the search is complete! Note that just as with /, using ? search with no pattern will use the last pattern to search." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):405 msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):408 msgid "This concludes the man guide. This will hopefully shed some light on navigating man pages, and maybe even give a few new tips to the more experienced users. For those who prefer alternate means of navigating man pages, the following are also available:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(li):416 msgid "app-text/man2html - a program for converting man pages to html" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(li):417 msgid "app-text/tkman - a tk based man page browser" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):420 msgid "Also the KDE web browser Konqueror can browse man pages using the man: syntax in the address bar." msgstr "" #. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(None):0 msgid "translator-credits" msgstr ""