msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2010-10-21 23:56+0600\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-10-21 23:46+0600\n" "Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n" "Language-Team: none\n" "Language: ru\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n" "%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(guide:link):5 msgid "/doc/en/man-guide.xml" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(guide:lang):5 msgid "en" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):6 msgid "Gentoo Man Guide" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(author:title):8 msgid "Author" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(mail:link):9 msgid "chriswhite@gentoo.org" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(mail):9 msgid "Chris White" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(abstract):12 msgid "This guide shows how to navigate man pages using man." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(version):20 msgid "2" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(date):21 msgid "2006-06-18" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):24 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):26 msgid "The man program" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):29 msgid "" "Everyone at some point in their linux life has used it. \"It\" is the " "man command. However, while the man program itself appears to be " "rather simplistic in its construct, it has a few extra abilities than just " "simply scrolling through the page. This document hopes to help shed some " "light on these capabilities." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):40 msgid "Man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):43 msgid "" "Man pages are mainly stored in the /usr/share/man directory. " "However, as long as a man page is located in the MANPATH environment " "variable, man will be able to pick it up. Gentoo will generally store " "MANPATH variables in /etc/env.d. Within these " "directories are some folders with the structure manX where X is the section " "number. For example, a standard man layout might look like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):52 msgid "Standard man structure" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):52 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ ls /usr/share/man | grep man\n" "man0p\n" "man1\n" "man1p\n" "man2\n" "man3\n" "man3p\n" "man4\n" "man5\n" "man6\n" "man7\n" "man8\n" "man9\n" "mann\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):69 msgid "" "The actual section numbering appears fairly standard. However, notice that " "there is a mann and some man#p folders. The " "following table lists the above man page directories and what is contained " "within them:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(th):77 msgid "Man Directory" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(th):78 msgid "Description" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):81 msgid "man0p" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):82 msgid "" "The p here stands for POSIX, as with the other directories with p in " "their names. Man pages in this directory describe the functionality of " "various POSIX header files." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):89 msgid "man1" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):90 msgid "" "This section is for standard commands. Most programs will put their man " "pages here, so this section tends to be the largest." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):96 msgid "man1p" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):97 msgid "" "This section describes the POSIX versions of the commands described in 1p. " "Since it only describes basic commands, it is much smaller than man1." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):103 msgid "man2" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):104 msgid "This section describes Linux kernel system calls." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):107 msgid "man3" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):108 msgid "This section describes standard c library functions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):111 msgid "man4" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):112 msgid "" "This section describes special devices. These devices are generally kernel " "oriented, but Xorg-X11 has entries in here as well." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):118 msgid "man5" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):119 msgid "" "This section describes both the makeup of certain files and what files a " "program uses. Those of you reading this document may be familiar with " "references to man 5 portage for a description of the portage " "file structure, and man 5 make.conf for make.conf makeup." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):128 msgid "man6" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):129 msgid "This section introduces games and other special toys." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):132 msgid "man7" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):133 msgid "" "This section describes standards and other miscellaneous items. These " "standards can include things such as charsets, SQL statements, ISO standards " "and regular expressions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):140 msgid "man8" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):141 msgid "" "This section describes administrative commands (those usually run by the " "root user)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):147 msgid "man9" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):148 msgid "" "This section is somewhat sparse, but is meant to contain documentation for " "various parts of the kernel." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):154 msgid "mann" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(ti):155 msgid "" "This section is mainly used by Tcl/Tk. The n stands for new." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):161 msgid "" "While this is not an extensive and detailed list, it does cover the man " "pages that most people will be interested in. However, sometimes you can " "find out what a section does as easily as looking at this table. The next " "chapter will look at using man to traverse this layout." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):173 msgid "Working with the man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):175 msgid "Browsing the man layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):178 msgid "" "Now that we understand the man layout, we can begin to look it over for " "commands. Sometimes we may need to narrow down what man page we want. The " "first way would be addressing by section. To found out a description of a " "section, once can use man section intro like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):185 msgid "Using man intro to describe a section" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):185 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man 3 intro\n" "(Output slightly modified to fit the document properly)\n" "INTRO(3) Linux Programmer's Manual INTRO(3)\n" "\n" "\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " intro - Introduction to library functions\n" "\n" "DESCRIPTION\n" " This chapter describes all library functions excluding the library\n" " functions described in chapter 2, which implement system calls.\n" " There are various function groups which can be identified by a\n" " letter which is appended to the chapter number:\n" "....\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):203 msgid "" "Unfortunately, this doesn't always work! However, luckily for us there is " "another way to search for commands that may return multiple results (such as " "a library call and system command having the same name). To do so, we use " "the -K parameter to man like so:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):210 msgid "Using man -K to search by string" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man -K sleep\n" "/usr/share/man/man0p/time.h.0p.gz? [ynq] n\n" "/usr/share/man/man0p/unistd.h.0p.gz? [ynq] n\n" "/usr/share/man/man2/alarm.2.gz? [ynq] n\n" "/usr/share/man/man2/pause.2.gz? [ynq] n\n" "/usr/share/man/man2/futex.2.gz? [ynq] n\n" "/usr/share/man/man2/nanosleep.2.gz? [ynq] y\n" "/usr/share/man/man2/semop.2.gz? [ynq] q\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):221 msgid "" "Sometimes the output may be a lot larger. In this case it might be better to " "specify more specific keywords. Now that we know where to find the man page, " "the next section will look at viewing the man page." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):230 msgid "Viewing man pages" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):233 msgid "" "Viewing man pages can be done in 2 ways, first is with man [man page name]" ". The second way is man [section] [man page name]. Let's take " "bc for example. I can view either the first man page that comes up on " "bc (which would be section 1, because it is the lowest section " "containing a man page on bc):" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):241 msgid "Viewing the default man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):241 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man bc\n" "bc(1) bc(1)\n" "\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language\n" "...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):251 msgid "" "However, what if I want the POSIX version? Then I can use the second form:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):255 msgid "Viewing a specific man page by section" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):255 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man 1p bc\n" "BC(P) POSIX Programmer's Manual BC(P)\n" "\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language\n" "...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):265 msgid "" "And the man page is displayed. Now that we have the man page up, it's time " "to work with it. The next section will look at navigation and searching." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):273 msgid "Navigating and searching man pages" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):276 msgid "" "Navigating a man page is fairly simple. To move up and down line by line, " "use the up and down arrow keys. To move up page by page, you can use the " "page up and page down keys. Do however note that these navigation " "instructions assume the environmental PAGER variable is set to use " "the default pager, less. Less also has a few other commands for " "navigation, but the arrow keys usually suffice:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):285 msgid "Additional less navigation keys" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):285 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" " e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).\n" " y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).\n" " f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).\n" " b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).\n" " z * Forward one window (and set window to N).\n" " w * Backward one window (and set window to N).\n" " ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.\n" " d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).\n" " u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).\n" " ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).\n" " ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).\n" " F Forward forever; like \"tail -f\".\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):300 msgid "" "Searching, however, is more interesting. The two most basic searches are /" "pattern and ?pattern. The first version searches forwards, and " "the second searches backwards. pattern is a regular expression " "pattern that is described in man 7 regex. Let's take for example " "searching for the -D option to emerge. First, bring up the " "emerge man page:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):308 msgid "Bringing up the emerge man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man emerge\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):312 msgid "" "Then, at the screen, press the / key to bring up the entry prompt to " "search forwards and enter in our search pattern:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):317 msgid "Bringing up the forward search prompt" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):317 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" " gracefully handles updating installed packages to newer releases as well.\n" " It handles both source and binary packages, and it can be used to create\n" " binary packages for distribution.\n" "\n" "EBUILDS, TBZ2S, CLASSES AND DEPENDENCIES\n" "/\\-D\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(note):326 msgid "" "The \\ is done to escape the - sign, which would normally be " "used as part of a regular expression." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):331 msgid "This will search the man page, and bring the searched item into focus:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):335 msgid "Forward search results" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):335 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" " --deep (-D)\n" " When used in conjunction with --update, this flag forces emerge to consider the entire\n" " dependency tree of packages, instead of checking only the immediate dependencies of\n" " the packages. As an example, this catches updates in libraries that are not directly\n" " listed in the dependencies of a package.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):343 msgid "" "If you hit a search result by accident and want to continue searching for " "the same results, simply press the / key again, and press enter (i.e. " "don't put a pattern it). This will cause the search to default to the last " "pattern used. Now with some man pages, options are listed, then explained " "later on. Take the man 5 portage man page. It lists the files used, " "then explains their usage. Searching forward a few times would return the " "results, but there's an easier way to handle this, with the second search " "form, backwards searching. Let's use this to find the description on " "package.unmask. First, bring up man 5 portage:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):355 msgid "Bringing up the man 5 portage man page" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):355 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "$ man 5 portage\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):359 msgid "Now press SHIFT+g. This will bring you to the end of the page:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):363 msgid "End of the man page after SHIFT+g" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):363 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "SEE ALSO\n" " emerge(1), ebuild(1), ebuild(5), make.conf(5)\n" "\n" "Portage 2.0.51 Jan 2004 PORTAGE(5)\n" "lines 418-442/442 (END)\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):371 msgid "" "Now we'll go ahead and enter the pattern to search for with the ?pattern backwards search option. First press the ? key to bring up the " "prompt, and then enter in package.unmask, our query:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):377 msgid "Specifying our search" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):377 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" "SEE ALSO\n" " emerge(1), ebuild(1), ebuild(5), make.conf(5)\n" "\n" "Portage 2.0.51 Jan 2004 PORTAGE(5)\n" "?package.unmask\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):385 msgid "Then hit enter to bring up the result:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre:caption):389 msgid "Our search result" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(pre):389 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" " package.unmask\n" " Just like package.mask above, except here you list packages you want to unmask.\n" " Useful for overriding the global package.mask file (see below). Note that\n" " this does not override packages that are masked via KEYWORDS.\n" "...\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):397 msgid "" "And the search is complete! Note that just as with /, using ? " "search with no pattern will use the last pattern to search." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(title):405 msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):408 msgid "" "This concludes the man guide. This will hopefully shed some light on " "navigating man pages, and maybe even give a few new tips to the more " "experienced users. For those who prefer alternate means of navigating man " "pages, the following are also available:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(li):416 msgid "app-text/man2html - a program for converting man pages to html" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(li):417 msgid "app-text/tkman - a tk based man page browser" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(p):420 msgid "" "Also the KDE web browser Konqueror can browse man pages using " "the man: syntax in the address bar." msgstr "" #. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//man-guide.xml(None):0 msgid "translator-credits" msgstr ""