msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-10-28 22:38+0600\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(abstract):11 msgid "To be able to install Gentoo, you must create the necessary partitions. This chapter describes how to partition a disk for future usage." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(version):16 msgid "11" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(date):17 msgid "2011-10-17" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):20 msgid "Introduction to Block Devices" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):27 msgid "Partitions" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):30 msgid "Although it is theoretically possible to use a full disk to house your Linux system, this is almost never done in practice. Instead, full disk block devices are split up in smaller, more manageable block devices. On systems, these are called partitions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):37 msgid "Partitions are divided in three types: primary, extended and logical." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):42 msgid "A primary partition is a partition which has its information stored in the MBR (master boot record). As an MBR is very small (512 bytes) only four primary partitions can be defined (for instance, /dev/sda1 to /dev/sda4)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):49 msgid "An extended partition is a special primary partition (meaning the extended partition must be one of the four possible primary partitions) which contains more partitions. Such a partition didn't exist originally, but as four partitions were too few, it was brought to life to extend the formatting scheme without losing backward compatibility." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):57 msgid "A logical partition is a partition inside the extended partition. Their definitions aren't placed inside the MBR, but are declared inside the extended partition." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):66 msgid "Advanced Storage" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):69 msgid "The Installation CDs provide support for LVM2. LVM2 increases the flexibility offered by your partitioning setup. During the installation instructions, we will focus on \"regular\" partitions, but it is still good to know LVM2 is supported as well." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):80 msgid "Designing a Partitioning Scheme" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):82 msgid "Default Partitioning Scheme" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):85 msgid "If you are not interested in drawing up a partitioning scheme for your system, you can use the partitioning scheme we use throughout this book:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):92 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):236 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):506 msgid "Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):93 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):716 msgid "Filesystem" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):94 msgid "Size" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):95 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):237 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):507 msgid "Description" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):99 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):720 msgid "ext2" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):100 msgid "32M" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):101 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):241 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):511 msgid "Boot partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):105 msgid "(swap)" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):106 msgid "512M" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):107 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):245 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):515 msgid "Swap partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):111 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):724 msgid "ext3" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):112 msgid "Rest of the disk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):113 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):249 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):519 msgid "Root partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):117 msgid "If you are interested in knowing how big a partition should be, or even how many partitions you need, read on. Otherwise continue now with partitioning your disk by reading Using fdisk to Partition your Disk or Using parted to Partition your Disk (both are partitioning tools, fdisk is well known and stable, parted is a bit more recent but supports partitions larger than 2TB)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):130 msgid "How Many and How Big?" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):133 msgid "The number of partitions is highly dependent on your environment. For instance, if you have lots of users, you will most likely want to have your /home separate as it increases security and makes backups easier. If you are installing Gentoo to perform as a mailserver, your /var should be separate as all mails are stored inside /var. A good choice of filesystem will then maximise your performance. Gameservers will have a separate /opt as most gaming servers are installed there. The reason is similar for /home: security and backups. You will definitely want to keep /usr big: not only will it contain the majority of applications, the Portage tree alone takes around 500 Mbyte excluding the various sources that are stored in it." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):147 msgid "As you can see, it very much depends on what you want to achieve. Separate partitions or volumes have the following advantages:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):153 msgid "You can choose the best performing filesystem for each partition or volume" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):156 msgid "Your entire system cannot run out of free space if one defunct tool is continuously writing files to a partition or volume" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):160 msgid "If necessary, file system checks are reduced in time, as multiple checks can be done in parallel (although this advantage is more with multiple disks than it is with multiple partitions)" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):165 msgid "Security can be enhanced by mounting some partitions or volumes read-only, nosuid (setuid bits are ignored), noexec (executable bits are ignored) etc." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):171 msgid "However, multiple partitions have disadvantages as well. If not configured properly, you will have a system with lots of free space on one partition and none on another. Another nuisance is that separate partitions - especially for important mountpoints like /usr or /var - often require the administrator to boot with an initramfs to mount the partition before other boot scripts start. This isn't always the case though, so YMMV." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):180 msgid "There is also a 15-partition limit for SCSI and SATA unless you use GPT labels." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):185 msgid "As an example partitioning, we show you one for a 20GB disk, used as a demonstration laptop (containing webserver, mailserver, gnome, ...):" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):190 msgid "Filesystem usage example" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):190 #, no-wrap msgid "\n$ df -h\nFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/sda5 ext3 509M 132M 351M 28% /\n/dev/sda2 ext3 5.0G 3.0G 1.8G 63% /home\n/dev/sda7 ext3 7.9G 6.2G 1.3G 83% /usr\n/dev/sda8 ext3 1011M 483M 477M 51% /opt\n/dev/sda9 ext3 2.0G 607M 1.3G 32% /var\n/dev/sda1 ext2 51M 17M 31M 36% /boot\n/dev/sda6 swap 516M 12M 504M 2% <not mounted>\n(Unpartitioned space for future usage: 2 GB)\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):203 msgid "/usr is rather full (83% used) here, but once all software is installed, /usr doesn't tend to grow that much. Although allocating a few gigabytes of disk space for /var may seem excessive, remember that Portage uses this partition by default for compiling packages. If you want to keep /var at a more reasonable size, such as 1GB, you will need to alter your PORTAGE_TMPDIR variable in /etc/make.conf to point to the partition with enough free space for compiling extremely large packages such as OpenOffice." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):218 msgid "Using fdisk to Partition your Disk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(impo):222 msgid "If your environment will deal with partitions larger than 2 TB, please use the Using parted to Partition your Disk instructions instead. fdisk is not able to deal with larger partitions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):229 msgid "The following parts explain how to create the example partition layout using fdisk. The example partition layout was mentioned earlier:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):253 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):523 msgid "Change your partition layout according to your own preference." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):260 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):530 msgid "Viewing the Current Partition Layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):263 msgid "fdisk is a popular and powerful tool to split your disk into partitions. Fire up fdisk on your disk (in our example, we use /dev/sda):" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):269 msgid "Starting fdisk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):269 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# fdisk /dev/sda\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):273 msgid "Once in fdisk, you'll be greeted with a prompt that looks like this:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):277 msgid "fdisk prompt" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):277 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): \n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):281 msgid "Type p to display your disk's current partition configuration:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):285 msgid "An example partition configuration" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):285 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): p\n\nDisk /dev/sda: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 2184 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes\n\n Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n/dev/sda1 * 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda2 15 49 264600 82 Linux swap\n/dev/sda3 50 70 158760 83 Linux\n/dev/sda4 71 2184 15981840 5 Extended\n/dev/sda5 71 209 1050808+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda6 210 348 1050808+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda7 349 626 2101648+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda8 627 904 2101648+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda9 905 2184 9676768+ 83 Linux\n\nCommand (m for help): \n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):305 msgid "This particular disk is configured to house seven Linux filesystems (each with a corresponding partition listed as \"Linux\") as well as a swap partition (listed as \"Linux swap\")." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):314 ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):592 msgid "Removing all Partitions" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):317 msgid "We will first remove all existing partitions from the disk. Type d to delete a partition. For instance, to delete an existing /dev/sda1:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):322 msgid "Deleting a partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):322 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): d\nPartition number (1-4): 1\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):327 msgid "The partition has been scheduled for deletion. It will no longer show up if you type p, but it will not be erased until your changes have been saved. If you made a mistake and want to abort without saving your changes, type q immediately and hit enter and your partition will not be deleted." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):334 msgid "Now, assuming that you do indeed want to wipe out all the partitions on your system, repeatedly type p to print out a partition listing and then type d and the number of the partition to delete it. Eventually, you'll end up with a partition table with nothing in it:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):341 msgid "An empty partition table" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):341 #, no-wrap msgid "\nDisk /dev/sda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes\n240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes\n\nDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n\nCommand (m for help):\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):351 msgid "Now that the in-memory partition table is empty, we're ready to create the partitions. We will use a default partitioning scheme as discussed previously. Of course, don't follow these instructions to the letter if you don't want the same partitioning scheme!" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):361 msgid "Creating the Boot Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):364 msgid "We first create a small boot partition. Type n to create a new partition, then p to select a primary partition, followed by 1 to select the first primary partition. When prompted for the first cylinder, hit enter. When prompted for the last cylinder, type +32M to create a partition 32 Mbyte in size and set its bootable flag:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):372 msgid "Creating the boot partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):372 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): n\nCommand action\n e extended\n p primary partition (1-4)\np\nPartition number (1-4): 1\nFirst cylinder (1-3876, default 1): (Hit Enter)\nUsing default value 1\nLast cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-3876, default 3876): +32M\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):384 msgid "Now, when you type p, you should see the following partition printout:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):388 msgid "Created boot partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):388 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): p\n\nDisk /dev/sda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes\n240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes\n\n Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n/dev/sda1 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):399 msgid "We need to make this partition bootable. Type a to toggle the bootable flag on a partition and select 1. If you press p again, you will notice that an * is placed in the \"Boot\" column." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):408 msgid "Creating the Swap Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):411 msgid "Let's now create the swap partition. To do this, type n to create a new partition, then p to tell fdisk that you want a primary partition. Then type 2 to create the second primary partition, /dev/sda2 in our case. When prompted for the first cylinder, hit enter. When prompted for the last cylinder, type +512M to create a partition 512MB in size. After you've done this, type t to set the partition type, 2 to select the partition you just created and then type in 82 to set the partition type to \"Linux Swap\". After completing these steps, typing p should display a partition table that looks similar to this:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):423 msgid "Partition listing after creating a swap partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):423 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): p\n\nDisk /dev/sda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes\n240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes\n\n Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n/dev/sda1 * 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda2 15 81 506520 82 Linux swap\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):438 msgid "Creating the Root Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):441 msgid "Finally, let's create the root partition. To do this, type n to create a new partition, then p to tell fdisk that you want a primary partition. Then type 3 to create the third primary partition, /dev/sda3 in our case. When prompted for the first cylinder, hit enter. When prompted for the last cylinder, hit enter to create a partition that takes up the rest of the remaining space on your disk. After completing these steps, typing p should display a partition table that looks similar to this:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):451 msgid "Partition listing after creating the root partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):451 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): p\n\nDisk /dev/sda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes\n240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes\n\n Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n/dev/sda1 * 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux\n/dev/sda2 15 81 506520 82 Linux swap\n/dev/sda3 82 3876 28690200 83 Linux\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):467 msgid "Saving the Partition Layout" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):470 msgid "To save the partition layout and exit fdisk, type w." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):474 msgid "Save and exit fdisk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):474 #, no-wrap msgid "\nCommand (m for help): w\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):478 msgid "Now that your partitions are created, you can continue with Creating Filesystems." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):487 msgid "Using parted to Partition your Disk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):491 msgid "In this chapter, we guide you through the creation of the example partition layout mentioned earlier in the instructions. Unlike the previous chapter, we describe the method using the parted application instead. Both parted and fdisk offer the same functions, so if you partitioned your system using fdisk already, you can skip this section and continue with Creating Filesystems." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):500 msgid "The example partition layout we use is shown in the next table:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):533 msgid "The parted application is a somewhat more modern variant of fdisk. It offers a simpler interface for partitioning your disks and supports very large partitions (more than 2 TB). Fire up parted on your disk (in our example, we use /dev/sda):" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):540 msgid "Starting parted" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):540 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# parted /dev/sda\nGNU Parted 2.3\nUsing /dev/vda\nWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):547 msgid "To find out about all options supported by parted, type help and press return. For now, we just continue by asking parted to show the partitions currently in use on the selected disk. The print command can be used for that." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):554 msgid "An example partition configuration shown by parted" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):554 #, no-wrap msgid "\n(parted) print\nModel: SCSI Block Device\nDisk /dev/sda: 21.5GB\nSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B\nPartition Table: msdos\n\nNumber Start End Size Type File system Flags\n 1 512B 2148MB 2148MB primary ext4\n 2 2148MB 3222MB 1074MB primary linux-swap(v1)\n 3 3222MB 21.5GB 18.3GB primary lvm\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):570 msgid "Optional: Setting the GPT Label" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):573 msgid "Most disks on x86/amd64 are prepared using an msdos label. However, if you plan on creating huge partitions (2 TB and more), you must use a gpt label (the GUID Partition Type) for your disk. Using parted, this can be accomplished with mklabel gpt:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(warn):580 msgid "Changing the partition type will remove all partitions from your disk. All data on the disk will be lost." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):585 msgid "Setting the GPT label" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):585 #, no-wrap msgid "\n(parted) mklabel gpt\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):595 msgid "If this isn't done yet (for instance through the mklabel operation earlier, or because the disk is a freshly formatted one), we will first remove all existing partitions from the disk. Type rm <number> where <number> is the partition you want to remove." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):602 msgid "Removing a partition from the disk" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):602 #, no-wrap msgid "\n(parted) rm 2\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):606 msgid "Do the same for all other partitions that you don't need. However, make sure you do not make any mistakes here - parted executes the changes immediate (unlike fdisk which stages them, allowing a user to \"undo\" his changes before saving or exiting fdisk)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):616 msgid "Creating the Partitions" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):619 msgid "Now let's create the partitions we mentioned earlier. Creating partitions with parted isn't very difficult - all we need to do is inform parted about the following settings:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):626 msgid "The partition type to use. This usually is primary in case you are not going to have more than 4 partitions (with the msdos partition label). Otherwise, you will need to make your fourth partition an extended one which hosts the rest of the disk, and create logical partitions inside it. If you use a gpt-labeled partition, then there is no limit on the number of primary partitions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):634 msgid "The file system type to use. The parted application supports most common file systems and knows which kind of partition ID it needs to use for these partitions. This does not mean that parted will create a file system on the partition (you can with the mkpartfs command, but we'll use the regular mkfs.* commands later for this purpose). The partition ID is often used by auto-detection tools to know what to do with a particular partition." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):643 msgid "The start location of a partition (which can be expressed in MB or GB)" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(li):646 msgid "The end location of the partition (which can be expressed in MB or GB)" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):651 msgid "One advantage of parted is that you can easily just use the partition sizes to automatically find the correct start and end location as you will see in the next example." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):657 msgid "Creating the partitions" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):657 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# Create a 32 mbyte /boot partition\n(parted) mkpart primary ext2 0 32mb\nWarning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.\nIgnore/Cancel? i\n\n# Create a 512 mbyte swap partition\n(parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 32mb 542mb\n\n# Create a partition that spans the remaining disk.\n# -1s (minus one s) means the end of the disk\n(parted) mkpart primary ext4 542mb -1s\nWarning: You requested a partition from 542MB to 21.5GB.\nThe closest location we can manage is 542MB to 21.5GB.\nIs this still acceptable to you?\nYes/No? y\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):675 msgid "You can now print the partition layout again to validate if everything is as expected. When you are satisfied, use the quit command to exit parted." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):685 msgid "Creating Filesystems" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):687 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):690 msgid "Now that your partitions are created, it is time to place a filesystem on them. If you don't care about what filesystem to choose and are happy with what we use as default in this handbook, continue with Applying a Filesystem to a Partition. Otherwise read on to learn about the available filesystems..." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):706 msgid "Applying a Filesystem to a Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):709 msgid "To create a filesystem on a partition or volume, there are tools available for each possible filesystem:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(th):717 msgid "Creation Command" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):728 msgid "ext4" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):732 msgid "reiserfs" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):736 msgid "xfs" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(ti):740 msgid "jfs" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):745 msgid "For instance, to have the boot partition (/dev/sda1 in our example) in ext2 and the root partition (/dev/sda3 in our example) in ext3 (as in our example), you would use:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):751 msgid "Applying a filesystem on a partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):751 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1\n# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):756 msgid "Now create the filesystems on your newly created partitions (or logical volumes)." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):764 msgid "Activating the Swap Partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):767 msgid "mkswap is the command that is used to initialize swap partitions:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):771 msgid "Creating a Swap signature" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):771 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# mkswap /dev/sda2\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):775 msgid "To activate the swap partition, use swapon:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):779 msgid "Activating the swap partition" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):779 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# swapon /dev/sda2\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):783 msgid "Create and activate the swap with the commands mentioned above." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(title):791 msgid "Mounting" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):794 msgid "Now that your partitions are initialized and are housing a filesystem, it is time to mount those partitions. Use the mount command. Don't forget to create the necessary mount directories for every partition you created. As an example we mount the root and boot partition:" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre:caption):801 msgid "Mounting partitions" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(pre):801 #, no-wrap msgid "\n# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo\n# mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot\n# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot\n" msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(note):807 msgid "If you want your /tmp to reside on a separate partition, be sure to change its permissions after mounting: chmod 1777 /mnt/gentoo/tmp. This also holds for /var/tmp." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):813 msgid "We will also have to mount the proc filesystem (a virtual interface with the kernel) on /proc. But first we will need to place our files on the partitions." msgstr "" #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(p):818 msgid "Continue with Installing the Gentoo Installation Files." msgstr "" #. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL #: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook//hb-install-x86+amd64-disk.xml(None):0 msgid "translator-credits" msgstr ""