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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<guide self="ebuild-writing/misc-files/metadata/">
<chapter>
<title>Package and Category <c>metadata.xml</c></title>
<body>
<p>
The <c>metadata.xml</c> file is used to specify additional data about a
package or category.
</p>
<section>
<title>Syntax</title>
<body>
<p>
A metadata file follows the syntax defined in
<uri link="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0068.html">GLEP 68</uri>.
The character set <b>must</b> be UTF-8 as specified by
<uri link="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0031.html">GLEP 31</uri>.
</p>
<p>
Concerning indentation there is no strict rule governing the style and
width. However the following minimal set of rules need to be followed:
<ul>
<li>
Indentation should be consistent, i.e. either spaces or tabs, but
not both.
</li>
<li>
Keep the existing style when touching metadata.xml files that
belong to other developers.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
The following table summarizes the tags that may appear in a
metadata.xml:
</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>tag</th>
<th>description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>
<brite><catmetadata></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
This is the root element of the <path>metadata.xml</path> file for
categories. It has no attributes. It contains a number of
<brite><longdescription></brite> tags, each for a different
language.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>
<brite><pkgmetadata></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
This is the root element of the <path>metadata.xml</path> file for
packages. It has no attributes. The following subtags are
allowed:
<brite><longdescription></brite>,
<brite><maintainer></brite>,
<brite><slots></brite>,
<brite><use></brite>, and
<brite><upstream></brite>.
While all the subtags are optional, <upstream> may
appear at most once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><longdescription></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains a description for a category or a package. For
packages, it is used to augment the
<uri link="::ebuild-writing/variables#ebuild-defined-variables">
DESCRIPTION</uri> field in the ebuilds themselves. This tag has
two optional subtags: <brite><pkg></brite> and
<brite><cat></brite>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>
<brite><maintainer></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
This tag specifies the persons and/or projects responsible for
the maintenance of a package. The <c>type</c> attribute must
be specified and can be either <c>"person"</c> or
<c>"project"</c>. There is one required subtag:
<brite><email></brite>. It has two optional subtags:
<brite><name></brite> and
<brite><description></brite>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><email></brite></ti>
<ti>
This contains the e-mail address of the maintainer. It is required.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><name></brite></ti>
<ti>
This contains freetext with the name of the maintainer. It is optional.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><description></brite></ti>
<ti>
The description tag contains a description of the maintainership, or for
example a remark that someone interested can take over the maintainership.
It is optional.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><slots></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag describes the
<uri link="::general-concepts/slotting">slots</uri> of a package.
It has two optional subtags: <slot> and <subslots>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><slot></brite></ti>
<ti>
This contains information for a particular slot. The <c>name</c>
attribute is mandatory and specifies the name of the slot.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><subslots></brite></ti>
<ti>
Describes the meaning of subslots for the whole package. This
tag may appear at most once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><use></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains descriptions of <uri
link="::ebuild-writing/variables#iuse">USE flags</uri>.
This tag is optional and, if specified, has one required subtag:
<brite><flag></brite>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><flag></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains a description of how the named USE flag affects this
package. It is required if the <brite><use></brite> tag is specified.
It also requires the USE flag to be named in the <c>name</c> attribute.
This tag has two optional subtags: <brite><pkg></brite> and
<brite><cat></brite>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><upstream></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains information about the upstream developers/project.
It supports multiple optional subtags: <maintainer>,
<changelog>, <doc>, <bugs-to>,
and <remote-id>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><maintainer></brite></ti>
<ti>
Provides information about the upstream maintainer. It requires a
<name> subtag to be specified, supports an optional
<email> subtag and an optional <c>status</c> attribute.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><name></brite></ti>
<ti>
The name of an upstream maintainer should contain a block of text with upstream's name.
This element is mandatory for an upstream maintainer and must appear exactly once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><email></brite></ti>
<ti>
The email address of an upstream maintainer. May appear only once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><changelog></brite></ti>
<ti>
Should contain a URL where the location of the upstream changelog can be found.
The URL must be version independent and must point to a changelog which is only
updated on new releases of the corresponding package. (This also implies that
one can link to an automatically updated changelog in case of vcs snapshots
only). May appear at most once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><doc></brite></ti>
<ti>
Should contain a URL where the location of the upstream documentation can be
found. The link must not point to any third party documentation and must be
version independent. If the documentation is available in more than one language,
a lang attribute can be used which follows the same rules as the one for
<longdescription>.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><bugs-to></brite></ti>
<ti>
Should contain a place where bugs can be filed, a URL or an e-mail address prefixed
with <c>mailto:</c>. May appear at most once.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><remote-id></brite></ti>
<ti>
Should specify a type of package identification tracker and the identification that
corresponds to the package in question. remote-id should make it easier to index
information such as its Freshmeat ID or its CPAN name.
It has a mandatory attribute <c>type</c> which identifies the type
of upstream source.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><pkg></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains a valid qualified package name.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti><brite><cat></brite></ti>
<ti>
This tag contains a valid category name as defined in
<path>profiles/categories</path>.
</ti>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
There are also some attributes that can be used with these tags:
</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>attribute</th>
<th>tags</th>
<th>description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>lang</ti>
<ti>
<brite><description></brite>, <brite><longdescription></brite>,
<brite><slots></brite>,
<brite><use></brite>, <brite><doc></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
In every case where a description is required, there must be at
<e>least</e> an english description. If an additional description in
another language is given, this attribute is used to specify the language
used. The format is the two-character language code as defined by the <uri
link="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm#2letter">ISO-639-1</uri>
norm.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>restrict</ti>
<ti>
<brite><maintainer></brite>,
<brite><longdescription></brite>, <brite><flag></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
The restrict attribute allows one to restrict the application of
certain tags to certain versions of a package. When this attribute
is used, other tags with or without the restrict attribute must be
present to cover all the versions of the package. A tag without
the restrict attribute serves as the default. The format of the
restrict attribute is that of a EAPI=0 package dependency
specification. Due to the limitations of XML, the "<" and
">" need to be specified using "&lt;" and "&gt;".
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>name</ti>
<ti>
<brite><flag></brite>, <brite><slot></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
When this attribute is required on the <flag> tag, it
simply contains the name of the USE flag. For the
<slot> tag, it specifies the
<uri link="::general-concepts/slotting#slot-names">
slot name</uri> to which it applies. A slot name of <c>"*"</c>
allows for a single <slot> tag to match all the slots of a
package, in which case no other slot tags may be present.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>status</ti>
<ti>
<brite><maintainer></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
The upstream maintainer element has a status attribute, which is
one of <c>"active"</c> or <c>"inactive"</c>. This attribute is not
mandatory. The absence of it shall be interpreted as
<c>"unknown"</c>. Please note that this attribute is only allowed
for the <maintainer> subtags of the <upstream>
element!
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>type</ti>
<ti>
<brite><remote-id></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
A string identifying the type of upstream source. A list of valid strings are kept in
<uri link="https://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">metadata.dtd</uri>.
Developers should email the gentoo-dev mailing list before using a new type value.
</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
<ti>type</ti>
<ti>
<brite><maintainer></brite>
</ti>
<ti>
Defines the type of the maintainer for a package. There are only
two valid values: <c>"person"</c> and <c>"project"</c>. The latter
denotes an official
<uri link="::general-concepts/projects">
Gentoo project</uri>.
</ti>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Package Metadata</title>
<body>
<p>
All packages <b>must</b> include a <c>metadata.xml</c> file which
provides information about package description, maintainers, local USE
flags, upstream etc.
</p>
<p>
For developers' convenience, a skeleton file is provided in the
Gentoo tree with the name
<uri link="https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/skel.metadata.xml">
skel.metadata.xml</uri>. The metadata file can also be created
using the <c>app-portage/metagen</c> tool.
</p>
<p>
Commits of package metadata files are handled by <c>repoman</c> as
part of regular package maintenance.
</p>
<p>
Unless specified otherwise, the maintainer who is listed in the
metadata first shall be the assignee for the bugs for that package as
per <uri link="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0067.html#bug-assignment">
GLEP 67</uri>.
</p>
<subsection>
<title>Package Metadata Examples</title>
<body>
<p>
In the following sections, various examples of metadata.xml are
provided. These examples are based on actual package metadata files to
keep things as realistic as possible. However, they may not include
these files verbatim and should be taken as hypothetical examples.
</p>
<subsubsection>
<title>Projects as Maintainers</title>
<body>
<p>
For the first example, a package maintained by a single project is
presented. It is a simplified version of <path>metadata.xml</path> for
the package <path>app-office/libreoffice</path>. The package
maintainer is identified by the email address <c>office@gentoo.org</c>
with the name <c>Gentoo Office Project</c> as specified in the
optional <name> subtag. It also provides a long package
description.
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<pkgmetadata>
<maintainer type="project">
<email>office@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Gentoo Office Project</name>
</maintainer>
<longdescription>
LibreOffice is the successor of OpenOffice.org. This ebuild
allows you to compile it yourself. Unfortunately this compilation can
take up to a day depending on the speed of your computer. It will
however make a snappier LibreOffice than the binary version.
</longdescription>
</pkgmetadata>
</codesample>
<p>
The email address <c>office@gentoo.org</c> corresponds to the
<c>Gentoo Office Project</c> as defined in
<uri link="https://api.gentoo.org/metastructure/projects.xml">
projects.xml</uri>. This file lists all the projects in Gentoo and it
is generated from the
<uri link="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Gentoo">
projects listing</uri> available on the Gentoo Wiki:
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<project>
<email>office@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Gentoo Office Project</name>
<url>https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Office</url>
<description>
The Office project manages the office implementations
and related packages in Gentoo.
</description>
<member>
<email>dilfridge@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Andreas K. Hüttel</name>
<role>member</role>
</member>
<member>
<email>scarabeus@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Tomáš Chvátal</name>
<role>member</role>
</member>
</project>
</codesample>
</body>
</subsubsection>
<subsubsection>
<title>Local USE Flag Descriptions</title>
<body>
<p>
The second example is formed after the <path>metadata.xml</path> of
<path>sys-apps/portage</path>. It lists multiple maintainers where one
is a developer and the other is a project. It illustrates how local
USE flag descriptions are specified and also contains an upstream
element. It is also worth pointing out the use of <c>mailto:</c>
prefix in <bugs-to> tag due to the presence of an email address
as opposed to a URL. Conversely, email addresses specified in the
<email> tags require no such prefix.
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<pkgmetadata>
<upstream>
<bugs-to>mailto:dev-portage@gentoo.org</bugs-to>
<changelog>https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/portage.git/plain/RELEASE-NOTES</changelog>
<doc>https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Working/Portage</doc>
</upstream>
<maintainer type="person">
<email>larry@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Larry the Cow</name>
</maintainer>
<maintainer type="project">
<email>dev-portage@gentoo.org</email>
</maintainer>
<use>
<flag name="epydoc">Build html API documentation with epydoc.</flag>
<flag name="ipc">Use inter-process communication between portage and running ebuilds.</flag>
<flag name="pypy2_0">Use pypy-c2.0 as Python interpreter.</flag>
<flag name="python2">Use python2 as Python interpreter.</flag>
<flag name="python3">Use python3 as Python interpreter.</flag>
<flag name="xattr">
Preserve extended attributes (filesystem-stored metadata) when
installing files. Usually only required for hardened systems.
</flag>
</use>
</pkgmetadata>
</codesample>
</body>
</subsubsection>
<subsubsection>
<title>Split Maintainership</title>
<body>
<p>
This example splits the maintainership based on package versions using
the attribute <c>restrict</c>. According to the
<path>metadata.xml</path> of <path>sys-boot/grub</path>, the ebuilds
for version 2 and above are maintained by floppym@gentoo.org whereas
earlier versions are maintained by the Gentoo Base System
project. Note the use of "&gt;" as opposed to ">" in
<c>restrict</c>.
</p>
<p>
The example also uses the <c><pkg></c> tag in USE flag
descriptions. Slot dependency specifiers are not allowed inside
<pkg>, therefore the notation
<pkg>sys-boot/grub</pkg><c>:2</c> is adopted as opposed to
<pkg>sys-boot/grub<c>:2</c></pkg>.
</p>
<p>
Lastly, the <c><remote-id></c> tag in the upstream description
is demonstrated.
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<pkgmetadata>
<maintainer restrict="&gt;=sys-boot/grub-2" type="person">
<email>floppym@gentoo.org</email>
</maintainer>
<maintainer type="project">
<email>base-system@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Gentoo Base System</name>
</maintainer>
<use>
<flag name="device-mapper">
Enable support for device-mapper from <pkg>sys-fs/lvm2</pkg>
</flag>
<flag name="efiemu">
Build and install the efiemu runtimes
</flag>
<flag name="fonts">Build and install fonts for the gfxterm module</flag>
<flag name="mount">
Build and install the grub-mount utility
</flag>
<flag name="libzfs">
Enable support for <pkg>sys-fs/zfs</pkg>
</flag>
<flag name="multislot">
Allow concurrent installation of <pkg>sys-boot/grub</pkg>:0 and
<pkg>sys-boot/grub</pkg>:2 by renaming all programs.
</flag>
<flag name="themes">Build and install GRUB themes (starfield)</flag>
<flag name="truetype">
Build and install grub-mkfont conversion utility
</flag>
</use>
<upstream>
<remote-id type="sourceforge">dejavu</remote-id>
</upstream>
</pkgmetadata>
</codesample>
</body>
</subsubsection>
<subsubsection>
<title>Slots and Subslots</title>
<body>
<p>
The main focus of this example is to demonstrate how slots and
subslots are specified, by examining the metadata of
<path>media-libs/libpng</path>. There may be multiple reasons for
slotting depending on the nature of the package. For this particular
package, it can be seen that the slots are used to provide different
versions of the library with varying binary compatibility and that
developers are advised to build against the slot 0. Furthermore,
different versions of this package with the same subslot provide the
same Application Binary Interface (ABI), according to the description
specified in the <c><subslots></c> tag.
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<pkgmetadata>
<maintainer type="project">
<email>base-system@gentoo.org</email>
<name>Gentoo Base System</name>
</maintainer>
<use>
<flag name="apng">support unofficial APNG (Animated PNG) spec</flag>
</use>
<upstream>
<remote-id type="cpe">cpe:/a:libpng:libpng</remote-id>
<remote-id type="sourceforge">apng</remote-id>
</upstream>
<slots>
<slot name="0">
For building against. This is the only slot
that provides headers and command line tools.
</slot>
<slot name="1.2">
For binary compatibility, provides libpng12.so.0 only.
</slot>
<slot name="1.5">
For binary compatibility, provides libpng15.so.15 only.
</slot>
<subslots>Reflect ABI compatibility for libpng.so.</subslots>
</slots>
</pkgmetadata>
</codesample>
</body>
</subsubsection>
</body>
</subsection>
<subsection>
<title>Maintainer-Needed</title>
<body>
<p>
Maintainer-needed, or orphaned, packages have no maintainers
responsible for them. Per
<uri link="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0067.html#case-of-maintainer-needed-packages">
GLEP 67</uri>, these packages must not contain any <maintainer>
subtags under <pkgmetadata> in their <c>metadata.xml</c>. By
convention, a comment line containing the string <c>maintainer-needed</c>
is inserted. Other tags which are relevant to the package may be
present in the metadata. Bugs for these packages must be assigned to
<c>maintainer-needed@gentoo.org</c>. The QA team periodically generates the
<uri link="https://qa-reports.gentoo.org/output/maintainer-needed.html">
orphaned packages list</uri> along with their corresponding bugs as
part of the QA reports.
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE pkgmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<pkgmetadata>
<!-- maintainer-needed -->
<upstream>
<maintainer status="active">
<email>rasmus@alum.mit.edu</email>
<name>Matt Rasmussen</name>
</maintainer>
<doc lang="en">http://keepnote.org/manual/</doc>
<bugs-to>https://code.google.com/p/keepnote/issues/list</bugs-to>
</upstream>
<longdescription lang="en">
KeepNote is a note taking application. With KeepNote, you can
store your class notes, TODO lists, research notes, journal entries,
paper outlines, etc in a simple notebook hierarchy with rich-text
formatting, images, and more. Using full-text search, you can
retrieve any note for later reference.
</longdescription>
</pkgmetadata>
</codesample>
</body>
</subsection>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Category Metadata</title>
<body>
<p>
For categories, <c>metadata.xml</c> specifies a long description (in
English and optionally in other languages). A typical example:
</p>
<codesample lang="sgml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE catmetadata SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/metadata.dtd">
<catmetadata>
<longdescription lang="en">
The app-vim category contains plugins and syntax file
packages for the Vim text editor.
</longdescription>
<longdescription lang="de">
Die Kategorie app-vim enthält Plugins und Syntax-Pakete
für den Vim Texteditor.
</longdescription>
</catmetadata>
</codesample>
<p>
When creating a new category, creating a <c>metadata.xml</c> file
along with a <c><longdescription></c> in English is
<b>mandatory</b>. Translations are handled by any interested developer
who speaks a language sufficiently well.
</p>
<p>
The correct way to commit a <e>category</e> <c>metadata.xml</c> file
is currently:
</p>
<pre>
xmllint --noout --valid metadata.xml
git add metadata.xml
git commit --gpg-sign
</pre>
<p>
The commit message should be formatted properly.
A sample commit is shown below:
</p>
<pre>
commit db359439bcd52f5a7f20d2332ab62feb16657504
Author: Alexis Ballier <aballier@gentoo.org>
Date: Tue Sep 22 10:47:49 2015 +0200
dev-ros: Add metadata.xml for the category.
</pre>
</body>
</section>
</body>
</chapter>
</guide>
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