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msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-10-21 23:56+0600\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-10-21 23:46+0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: none\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(guide:link):7
msgid "/doc/en/sudo-guide.xml"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):8
msgid "Gentoo Sudo(ers) Guide"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(author:title):10
msgid "Author"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(mail:link):11
msgid "swift@gentoo.org"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(mail):11
msgid "Sven Vermeulen"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(abstract):14
msgid ""
"When you want some people to perform certain administrative steps on your "
"system without granting them total root access, using sudo is your best "
"option. With sudo you can control who can do what. This guide offers you a "
"small introduction to this wonderful tool."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(version):25
msgid "1.6"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(date):26
msgid "2006-07-14"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):29
msgid "About Sudo"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):31
msgid "Granting Permissions"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):34
msgid ""
"The <c>app-admin/sudo</c> package allows the system administrator to grant "
"permission to other users to execute one or more applications they would "
"normally have no right to. Unlike using the <e>setuid</e> bit on these "
"applications <c>sudo</c> gives a more fine-grained control on <e>who</e> can "
"execute a certain command and <e>when</e>."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):42
msgid ""
"With <c>sudo</c> you can make a clear list <e>who</e> can execute a certain "
"application. If you would set the setuid bit, any user would be able to run "
"this application (or any user of a certain group, depending on the "
"permissions used). You can (and probably even should) require the user to "
"provide a password when he wants to execute the application and you can even "
"fine-tune the permissions based on the user's location: logged on from the "
"system itself or through SSH from a remote site."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):55
msgid "Logging Activity"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):58
msgid ""
"One additional advantage of <c>sudo</c> is that it can log any attempt "
"(successful or not) to run an application. This is very useful if you want "
"to track who made that one fatal mistake that took you 10 hours to fix :)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):67
msgid "Configuring Sudo"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):70
msgid ""
"The <c>sudo</c> configuration is managed by the <path>/etc/sudoers</path> "
"file. This file should never be edited through <c>nano&nbsp;/etc/sudoers</c> "
"or <c>vim&nbsp;/etc/sudoers</c> or any other editor you might like. When you "
"want to alter this file, you should use <c>visudo</c>."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):77
msgid ""
"This tool makes sure that no two system administrators are editing this file "
"at the same time, preserves the permissions on the file and performs some "
"syntax checking to make sure you make no fatal mistakes in the file."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):86
msgid "About this Guide"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):89
msgid ""
"This guide is meant as a quick introduction. The <c>sudo</c> package is a "
"lot more powerful than what is described in this guide. It has special "
"features for editing files as a different user (<c>sudoedit</c>), running "
"from within a script (so it can background, read the password from standard "
"in instead of the keyboard, ...), etc."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):97
msgid ""
"Please read the <c>sudo</c> and <c>sudoers</c> manual pages for more "
"information."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):107
msgid "Sudoers Syntax"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):109
msgid "Basic Syntax"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):112
msgid ""
"The most difficult part of <c>sudo</c> is the <path>/etc/sudoers</path> "
"syntax. The basic syntax is like so:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):117
msgid "Basic /etc/sudoers syntax"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):117
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"user  host = commands\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):121
msgid ""
"This syntax tells <c>sudo</c> that the user, identified by <e>user</e> and "
"logged on through the system <e>host</e> can execute any of the commands "
"listed in <e>commands</e> as the root user. A more real-life example might "
"make this more clear: allow the user <e>swift</e> to execute <c>emerge</c> "
"if he is logged on from the system (not through SSH):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):129
msgid "Live /etc/sudoers examples"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):129
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"swift  localhost = /usr/bin/emerge\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):133
msgid ""
"A <brite>big warning</brite> is in place though: do not allow a user to run "
"an application that can allow people to elevate privileges. For instance, "
"allowing users to execute <c>emerge</c> as root can indeed grant them full "
"root access to the system because <c>emerge</c> can be manipulated to change "
"the live file system to the user's advantage. If you do not trust your "
"<c>sudo</c> users, don't grant them any rights."
msgstr ""

#. Wrappers are no real advantage here either, see #71750
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):146
msgid ""
"The user name can also be substituted with a group name - in this case you "
"should start the group name with a <c>%</c> sign. For instance, to allow any "
"one in the <c>wheel</c> group to execute <c>emerge</c>:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):152
msgid "Allowing the wheel group members to execute emerge"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"%wheel  localhost = /usr/bin/emerge\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):156
msgid ""
"You can extend the line to allow for several commands (instead of making a "
"single entry for each command). For instance, to allow the same user to not "
"only run <c>emerge</c> but also <c>ebuild</c> and <c>emerge-webrsync</c> as "
"root:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):162
msgid "Multiple commands"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):162
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"swift  localhost = /usr/bin/emerge, /usr/bin/ebuild, /usr/sbin/emerge-webrsync\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):166
msgid ""
"You can also specify a precise command and not only the tool itself. This is "
"useful to restrict the use of a certain tool to a specified set of command "
"options. The <c>sudo</c> tool allows shell-style wildcards (AKA meta or glob "
"characters) to be used in pathnames as well as command line arguments in the "
"sudoers file. Note that these are <e>not</e> regular expressions."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):174
msgid "Let us put this to the test:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):178
msgid "Attempt to update the system using sudo"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):178
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"$ <i>sudo emerge -uDN world</i>\n"
"\n"
"We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System\n"
"Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:\n"
"\n"
"    #1) Respect the privacy of others.\n"
"    #2) Think before you type.\n"
"    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.\n"
"\n"
"Password: <comment>(Enter the user password, not root!)</comment>\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):191
msgid ""
"The password that <c>sudo</c> requires is the user's own password. This is "
"to make sure that no terminal that you accidentally left open to others is "
"abused for malicious purposes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):197
msgid ""
"You should know that <c>sudo</c> does not alter the <c>${PATH}</c> variable: "
"any command you place after <c>sudo</c> is treated from <e>your</e> "
"environment. If you want the user to run a tool in for instance <path>/sbin</"
"path> he should provide the full path to <c>sudo</c>, like so:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):204
msgid "Using the full path to a tool"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):204
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"$ <i>sudo /usr/sbin/emerge-webrsync</i>\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):211
msgid "Using Aliases"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):214
msgid ""
"In larger environments having to enter all users over and over again (or "
"hosts, or commands) can be a daunting task. To ease the administration of "
"<path>/etc/sudoers</path> you can define <e>aliases</e>. The format to "
"declare aliases is quite simple:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):221
msgid "Declaring aliases in /etc/sudoers"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):221
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"Host_Alias hostalias = hostname1, hostname2, ...\n"
"User_Alias useralias = user1, user2, ...\n"
"Cmnd_Alias cmndalias = command1, command2, ...\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):227
msgid ""
"One alias that always works, for any position, is the <c>ALL</c> alias (to "
"make a good distinction between aliases and non-aliases it is recommended to "
"use capital letters for aliases). As you might undoubtedly have guessed, the "
"<c>ALL</c> alias is an alias to all possible settings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):234
msgid ""
"A sample use of the <c>ALL</c> alias to allow <e>any</e> user to execute the "
"<c>shutdown</c> command if he is logged on locally is:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):239
msgid "Allowing any user to execute shutdown"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):239
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"ALL  localhost = /sbin/shutdown\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):243
msgid ""
"Another example is to allow the user <c>swift</c> to execute the <c>emerge</"
"c> command as root, regardless of where he is logged in from:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):248
msgid "Allowing a user to run an application regardless of his location"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):248
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"swift   ALL = /usr/bin/emerge\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):252
msgid ""
"More interesting is to define a set of users who can run software "
"administrative applications (such as <c>emerge</c> and <c>ebuild</c>) on the "
"system and a group of administrators who can change the password of any "
"user, except root!"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):258
msgid "Using aliases for users and commands"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):258
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"User_Alias  <i>SOFTWAREMAINTAINERS</i> = swift, john, danny\n"
"User_Alias  <i>PASSWORDMAINTAINERS</i> = swift, sysop\n"
"Cmnd_Alias  <i>SOFTWARECOMMANDS</i>    = /usr/bin/emerge, /usr/bin/ebuild\n"
"Cmnd_Alias  <i>PASSWORDCOMMANDS</i>    = /usr/bin/passwd [a-zA-Z0-9_-]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root\n"
"\n"
"<i>SOFTWAREMAINTAINERS</i>  localhost = <i>SOFTWARECOMMANDS</i>\n"
"<i>PASSWORDMAINTAINERS</i>  localhost = <i>PASSWORDCOMMANDS</i>\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):271
msgid "Non-Root Execution"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):274
msgid ""
"It is also possible to have a user run an application as a different, non-"
"root user. This can be very interesting if you run applications as a "
"different user (for instance <c>apache</c> for the web server) and want to "
"allow certain users to perform administrative steps as that user (like "
"killing zombie processes)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):281
msgid ""
"Inside <path>/etc/sudoers</path> you list the user(s) in between <c>(</"
"c>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<c>)</c> before the command listing:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):286
msgid "Non-root execution syntax"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):286
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"users  hosts = (run-as) commands\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):290
msgid ""
"For instance, to allow <c>swift</c> to run the <c>kill</c> tool as the "
"<c>apache</c> or <c>gorg</c> user:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):295
msgid "Non-root execution example"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):295
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"Cmnd_Alias KILL = /bin/kill, /usr/bin/pkill\n"
"\n"
"swift   ALL = (apache, gorg) KILL\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):301
msgid ""
"With this set, the user can run <c>sudo&nbsp;-u</c> to select the user he "
"wants to run the application as:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):306
msgid "Running pkill as the apache user"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):306
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"$ <i>sudo -u apache pkill apache</i>\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):310
msgid ""
"You can set an alias for the user to run an application as using the "
"<c>Runas_Alias</c> directive. Its use is identical to the other <c>_Alias</"
"c> directives we have seen before."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):319
msgid "Passwords and Default Settings"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):322
msgid ""
"By default, <c>sudo</c> asks the user to identify himself using his own "
"password. Once a password is entered, <c>sudo</c> remembers it for 5 "
"minutes, allowing the user to focus on his tasks and not repeatedly re-"
"entering his password."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):329
msgid ""
"Of course, this behavior can be changed: you can set the <c>Defaults:</c> "
"directive in <path>/etc/sudoers</path> to change the default behavior for a "
"user."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):335
msgid "For instance, to change the default 5 minutes to 0 (never remember):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):339
msgid "Changing the timeout value"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):339
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"Defaults:swift  timestamp_timeout=0\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):343
msgid ""
"A setting of <c>-1</c> would remember the password indefinitely (until the "
"system reboots)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):348
msgid ""
"A different setting would be to require the password of the user that the "
"command should be run as and not the users' personal password. This is "
"accomplished using <c>runaspw</c>. In the following example we also set the "
"number of retries (how many times the user can re-enter a password before "
"<c>sudo</c> fails) to <c>2</c> instead of the default 3:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):356
msgid "Requiring the root password instead of the user's password"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):356
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"Defaults:john   runaspw, passwd_tries=2\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):360
msgid ""
"Another interesting feature is to keep the <c>DISPLAY</c> variable set so "
"that you can execute graphical tools:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):365
msgid "Keeping the DISPLAY variable alive"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):365
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"Defaults:john env_keep=DISPLAY\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):369
msgid ""
"You can change dozens of default settings using the <c>Defaults:</c> "
"directive. Fire up the <c>sudo</c> manual page and search for <c>Defaults</"
"c>."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):374
msgid ""
"If you however want to allow a user to run a certain set of commands without "
"providing any password whatsoever, you need to start the commands with "
"<c>NOPASSWD:</c>, like so:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):380
msgid "Allowing emerge to be ran as root without asking for a password"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):380
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"swift     localhost = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/emerge\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):389
msgid "Using Sudo"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):391
msgid "Listing Privileges"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):394
msgid "To inform yourself what your capabilities are, run <c>sudo&nbsp;-l</c>:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):398
msgid "Listing capabilities"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):398
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"$ <i>sudo -l</i>\n"
"User swift may run the following commands on this host:\n"
"    (root)   /usr/libexec/xfsm-shutdown-helper\n"
"    (root)   /usr/bin/emerge\n"
"    (root)   /usr/bin/passwd [a-zA-Z0-9_-]*\n"
"    (root)   !/usr/bin/passwd root\n"
"    (apache) /usr/bin/pkill\n"
"    (apache) /bin/kill\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):409
msgid ""
"If you have any command in <path>/etc/sudoers</path> that does not require "
"you to enter a password, it will not require a password to list the entries "
"either. Otherwise you might be asked for your password if it isn't "
"remembered."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(title):418
msgid "Prolonging the Password Timeout"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):421
msgid ""
"By default, if a user has entered his password to authenticate himself to "
"<c>sudo</c>, it is remembered for 5 minutes. If the user wants to prolong "
"this period, he can run <c>sudo&nbsp;-v</c> to reset the time stamp so that "
"it will take another 5 minutes before <c>sudo</c> asks for the password "
"again."
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre:caption):428
msgid "Prolonging the password timeout"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(pre):428
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"$ <i>sudo -v</i>\n"
msgstr ""

#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(p):432
msgid "The inverse is to kill the time stamp using <c>sudo&nbsp;-k</c>."
msgstr ""

#. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en//sudo-guide.xml(None):0
msgid "translator-credits"
msgstr ""